A practical approach to
ART-an alternative method by which companies take on various types of risk
This comprehensive book shows readers what ART is, how it can be used to mitigate risk,
and how certain instruments/structures associated with ART should be implemented. Through
numerous examples and case studies, readers will learn what actually works and what
doesn't when using this technique.
Erik Banks (CT) joined XL Capital's weather/energy risk management subsidiary, Element Re,
as a Partner and Chief Risk Officer in 2001.
Table of Contents
PART I: RISK AND THE ART
MARKET.
1 Overview of Risk
Management.
1.1 Risk and return.
1.2 Active risk management.
1.2.1 Risk management
processes.
1.2.2 Risk management
techniques.
1.2.3 General risk
management considerations.
1.3 Risk concepts.
1.3.1 Expected value and
variance.
1.3.2 Risk aversion.
1.3.3 Risk transfer and the
insurance mechanism.
1.3.4 Diversification and
risk pooling.
1.3.5 Hedging.
1.3.6 Moral hazard, adverse
selection and basis risk.
1.3.7 Non-insurance
transfers.
1.4 Outline of the book.
2 Risk Management Drivers:
Theoretical Motivations, Benefits, and Costs.
2.1 Maximizing enterprise
value.
2.2 The decision framework.
2.2.1 Replacement and
abandonment.
2.2.2 Costs and benefits of
loss control.
2.2.3 Costs and benefits of
loss financing.
2.2.4 Costs and benefits of
risk reduction.
2.3 Coping with market
cycles.
2.3.1 Insurance pricing.
2.3.2 Hard versus soft
markets.
2.4 Accessing new risk
capacity.
2.5 Diversifying the credit
risk of intermediaries.
2.6 Managing enterprise
risks intelligently.
2.7 Reducing taxes.
2.8 Overcoming regulatory
barriers.
2.9 Capitalizing on
deregulation.
3 The ART Market and its
Participants.
3.1 A definition of ART.
3.2 Origins and background
of ART.
3.3 Market participants.
3.3.1 Insurers and
reinsurers.
3.3.2 Investment,
commercial, and universal banks.
3.3.3 Corporate end-users.
3.3.4 Investors/capital
providers.
3.3.5 Insurance agents and
brokers.
3.4 Product and market
convergence.
PART II: INSURANCE AND
REINSURANCE.
4 Primary
Insurance/Reinsurance Contracts.
4.1 Insurance concepts.
4.2 Insurance and loss
financing.
4.3 Primary insurance
contracts.
4.3.1 Maximum risk transfer
contracts.
4.3.2 Minimal risk transfer
contracts.
4.3.3 Layered insurance
coverage.
4.4 Reinsurance and
retrocession contracts.
4.4.1 Facultative and treaty
reinsurance.
4.4.2 Quota share, surplus
share, excess of loss, and reinsurance pools.
4.4.3 Finite reinsurance.
5 Captives.
5.1 Using captives to retain
risks.
5.1.1 Background and
function.
5.1.2 Benefits and costs.
5.2 Forms of captives.
5.2.1 Pure captives.
5.2.2 Sister captives.
5.2.3 Group captives.
5.2.4 Rent-a-captives and
protected cell companies.
5.2.5 Risk retention groups.
5.3 Tax consequences.
6 Multi-risk Products.
6.1 Multiple peril products.
6.2 Multiple trigger
products.
PART III: CAPITAL MARKETS.
7 Capital Markets Issues and
Securitization.
7.1 Overview of
securitization.
7.2 Insurance-linked
securities.
7.2.1 Overview.
7.2.2 Costs and benefits.
7.3 Structural features.
7.3.1 Issuing vehicles.
7.3.2 Triggers.
7.3.3 Tranches.
7.4 Catastrophe bonds.
7.4.1 Hurricane.
7.4.2 Earthquake.
7.4.3 Windstorm.
7.4.4 Multiple cat peril ILS
and peril by tranche ILS.
7.4.5 Bond/derivative
variations.
7.5 Other insurance-linked
securities.
8 Contingent Capital
Structures.
8.1 Creating post-loss
financing products.
8.2 Contingent debt.
8.2.1 Committed capital
facilities.
8.2.2 Contingent surplus
notes.
8.2.3 Contingency loans.
8.2.4 Financial guarantees.
8.3 Contingent equity.
8.3.1 Loss equity puts.
8.3.2 Put protected equity.
9 Insurance Derivatives.
9.1 Derivatives and ART.
9.2 General characteristics
of derivatives.
9.3 Exchange-traded
insurance derivatives.
9.3.1 Exchange-traded
catastrophe derivatives.
9.3.2 Exchange-traded
temperature derivatives.
9.4 OTC insurance
derivatives.
9.4.1 Catastrophe
reinsurance swaps.
9.4.2 Pure catastrophe
swaps.
9.4.3 Temperature
derivatives.
9.4.4 Other weather
derivatives.
9.4.5 Credit derivatives.
9.5 Bermuda transformers and
capital markets subsidiaries.
PART IV: ART OF THE FUTURE.
10 Enterprise Risk
Management.
10.1 Combining risks.
10.1.1 The enterprise risk
management concept.
10.1.2 Costs and benefits.
10.2 Developing an
enterprise risk management program.
10.2.1 Strategic and
governance considerations.
10.2.2 Program blueprint.
10.2.3 Program costs.
10.3 End-user demand.
11 Prospects for Growth.
11.1 Drivers of growth.
11.2 Barriers to growth.
11.3 Market segments.
11.3.1 Finite structures.
11.3.2 Captives.
11.3.3 Multi-risk products.
11.3.4 Capital markets
issues.
11.3.5 Contingent capital.
11.3.6 Insurance
derivatives.
11.3.7 Enterprise risk
management.
11.4 End-user profiles.
11.5 Future convergence.
Glossary.
Selected References.
Index.
420 pages